{"id":1277,"date":"2024-11-05T10:42:39","date_gmt":"2024-11-05T10:42:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/?p=1277"},"modified":"2025-09-04T09:26:42","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T09:26:42","slug":"energy-efficiency-in-uk-buildings","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/knowledge-hub\/energy-efficiency-in-uk-buildings\/","title":{"rendered":"The British Cities With the Least Energy-Efficient Buildings"},"content":{"rendered":" \n    <div class=\"split\" id=\"block_5f0aa7c1863056c8a45004ab28c7cb2e\">\n        <div class=\"container\">\n            <div class=\"row\">\n                <div class=\"col-md-10\">\n                    <div class=\"text\">\n                                                    <p class=\"large\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Buildings are the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/wedocs.unep.org\/handle\/20.500.11822\/43293\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">largest global contributor<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of greenhouse gas emissions. Heating, cooling and powering buildings release <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/worldgbc.org\/advancing-net-zero\/embodied-carbon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">28%<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of all global energy-related carbon emissions \u2014 making a total of 39% when you include materials and construction. Carbon and other greenhouse gas emissions trap the sun\u2019s heat, leading to climate change and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/climatechange\/science\/causes-effects-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">environmental catastrophe<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Carbon gas emissions also contribute to the development of respiratory diseases and other health issues.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><\/p>\n                        \n                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"divider\" src=\"https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/themes\/BEUK\/images\/divider-1.webp\" alt=\"\" \/>\n\n                        <p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>In the UK, around <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theccc.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Progress-in-reducing-UK-emissions-2023-Report-to-Parliament-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">17%<\/a> of greenhouse gas emissions come from buildings. Despite improvements over recent decades, progress \u201cremains broadly insufficient to ensure that the buildings sector reaches zero emissions by 2050,\u201d according to the government\u2019s independent advisers, the Climate Change Committee.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>But the choices society makes continue to prioritise financial interests, with big building and renovation projects frequently <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/climatechange\/science\/climate-issues\/greenwashing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">greenwashed<\/a> and eco laws <a href=\"https:\/\/www.insidehousing.co.uk\/news\/loopholes-allow-developers-to-opt-out-of-new-biodiversity-laws-experts-warn-88574\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">circumvented<\/a>. \u201cIt&#8217;s not the time to be neutral about the fate of the planet,\u201d environmental lawyer Farhana Yamin told the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dezeen.com\/2021\/11\/02\/built-environment-summit-riba-architects-declare\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RIBA Built Environment Summit<\/a>, encouraging architects to work alongside businesses in building and maintaining more efficient buildings. \u201cOur role is not just to service whatever clients want, it\u2019s also to educate clients and educate ourselves.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>For our latest data study, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/\">Business Energy UK<\/a> has calculated the average carbon emissions from residential, business and public premises in Britain\u2019s biggest cities to see which cities have the most and least energy-efficient buildings.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What We Did<\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>We used official energy certificate data for England, Wales and Scotland to determine the average CO2 emissions in kg\/m2 per year for residential, commercial and public buildings in each city with a population over 100k. We then ranked these cities by their average emissions per square metre in each category and overall. Scottish cities were omitted from the public building and overall rankings as public building data was unavailable.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Findings<\/h3>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:list --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li><b>Residential<\/b> buildings in <b>Bradford<\/b>, West Yorkshire, have the <b>highest carbon emissions<\/b> in England, Wales or Scotland, with an average of <b>50.40<\/b> <b>kgCO<\/b><b>2<\/b><b>e\/m<\/b><b>2<\/b><b>.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><b>Birmingham<\/b>, West Midlands, has average <b>commercial<\/b> building emissions of <b>113.26 kgCO<\/b><b>2<\/b><b>e\/m<\/b><b>2<\/b> \u2014 the highest in England, Wales or Scotland.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><b>Birmingham<\/b> also has the <b>highest<\/b> overall emission <b>in England or Wales,<\/b> averaging <b>72.86<\/b> <b>kgCO<\/b><b>2<\/b><b>e\/m<\/b><b>2<\/b> across categories.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><b>Cambridge<\/b> is the UK city with the worst emissions from <b>public buildings<\/b>, at an average of <b>89.74<\/b> <b>kgCO<\/b><b>2<\/b><b>e\/m<\/b><b>2<\/b>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --> <!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"homes\">Salford has Britain\u2019s Most Efficient City Homes<\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>UK homes <a href=\"https:\/\/spiral.imperial.ac.uk\/bitstream\/10044\/1\/100954\/11\/Full-text.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lose more heat<\/a> on average than any of the nearest neighbouring countries. But in September 2023, the Tory government <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/58160547\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cancelled<\/a> regulations requiring landlords to improve the energy efficiency of rental homes. In Bradford, West Yorkshire, the average residential building continues to emit 50.40 kgCO2e\/m2 annually. Even among new builds, the energy required to heat the average Bradford home is up to <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/why-people-in-some-parts-of-england-pay-far-more-than-others-to-heat-their-homes-172559\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">30% higher<\/a> than in new homes in wealthier parts of the country.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Bradford\u2019s inefficient homes impact local and global health and reinforce economic differences through higher bills. While today\u2019s technologies could be used to cut <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dezeen.com\/2022\/04\/06\/ipcc-climate-change-mitigation-report\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">61%<\/a> of building emissions by the UK\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/committees.parliament.uk\/committee\/62\/environmental-audit-committee\/news\/171103\/emissions-must-be-reduced-in-the-construction-of-buildings-if-the-uk-is-to-meet-net-zero-mps-warn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">net zero<\/a> target of 2050, developers are making choices that affect this progress at every stage. \u201cNo one is questioning if the way they make money is aligned with their contribution to climate mitigation, says Yamina Saheb, author of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/wg3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UN report<\/a> on the Mitigation of Climate Change.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:image {\"id\":1278,\"width\":\"720px\",\"linkDestination\":\"custom\",\"align\":\"center\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/01_British-Cities-With-Worst-Carbon-Emissions-From-Homes.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2400\" height=\"4284\" class=\"wp-image-1278\" src=\"https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/01_British-Cities-With-Worst-Carbon-Emissions-From-Homes.png\" alt=\"Bar chart showing the British cities with the worst carbon emissions from homes. Bradford is at the top.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/01_British-Cities-With-Worst-Carbon-Emissions-From-Homes.png 2400w, https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/01_British-Cities-With-Worst-Carbon-Emissions-From-Homes-168x300.png 168w, https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/01_British-Cities-With-Worst-Carbon-Emissions-From-Homes-574x1024.png 574w, https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/01_British-Cities-With-Worst-Carbon-Emissions-From-Homes-768x1371.png 768w, https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/01_British-Cities-With-Worst-Carbon-Emissions-From-Homes-861x1536.png 861w, https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/01_British-Cities-With-Worst-Carbon-Emissions-From-Homes-1147x2048.png 1147w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<p><!-- \/wp:image --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u201cResidential buildings undergo major renovation once every 25 years,\u201d says Saheb. \u201cThat means if you&#8217;re not renovating a building to zero-emissions standards this decade, it will not be renovated to this level by 2050 either. For buildings, there is only one round left between now and 2050, so we either get this right or it&#8217;s wrong forever.\u201d Salford is the most carbon-efficient big city for residential buildings. In Salford, substantial \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/salford.media\/salix-homes-announces-20million-investment-for-social-housing-in-salford\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eco-transformation<\/a>\u201d projects are revitalising social housing developments with the installation of ground source heating systems and improved insulation.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"commercial\">Birmingham and Wolverhampton Businesses Have Highest Emissions<\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>For commercial buildings, we found Birmingham (113.26 kgCO2e\/m2) and Wolverhampton (112.26 kgCO2e\/m2) in the West Midlands to have significantly higher carbon emissions than any other large city. In Birmingham\u2019s case, average commercial building emissions are 60.4% higher than in Salford and 35.7% higher than in London.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:image {\"id\":1279,\"width\":\"720px\",\"linkDestination\":\"custom\",\"align\":\"center\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/02_British-Cities-With-Worst-Carbon-Emissions-From-Commercial-Buildings.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2400\" height=\"4291\" class=\"wp-image-1279\" src=\"https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/02_British-Cities-With-Worst-Carbon-Emissions-From-Commercial-Buildings.png\" alt=\"British cities with the worst carbon emissions from commercial buildings. Birmingham is at the top.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/02_British-Cities-With-Worst-Carbon-Emissions-From-Commercial-Buildings.png 2400w, https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/02_British-Cities-With-Worst-Carbon-Emissions-From-Commercial-Buildings-168x300.png 168w, https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/02_British-Cities-With-Worst-Carbon-Emissions-From-Commercial-Buildings-573x1024.png 573w, https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/02_British-Cities-With-Worst-Carbon-Emissions-From-Commercial-Buildings-768x1373.png 768w, https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/02_British-Cities-With-Worst-Carbon-Emissions-From-Commercial-Buildings-859x1536.png 859w, https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/02_British-Cities-With-Worst-Carbon-Emissions-From-Commercial-Buildings-1145x2048.png 1145w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<p><!-- \/wp:image --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Birmingham\u2019s iconic Ringway Centre office block has become a complex symbol of the effort to modernise the city. The block was designed to complement Birmingham\u2019s then-progressive car-oriented vision in the 1960s but now blocks pedestrian traffic and has been approved for demolition. However, campaigners claim that retrofitting the building will protect the city\u2019s heritage while minimising the environmental impact of reimagining the space.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>As sustainable architect John Christophers <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-england-birmingham-67639771\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">notes<\/a>, \u201cBy the developers&#8217; own admission, 187 million kg CO2 would be released through demolition and building of these tower blocks, which is the same carbon emissions as an average UK car driving the whole way around the world 33,000 times.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"public\">Cambridge and Oxford Public Buildings Are UK\u2019s Least Efficient<\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>The cities of Cambridge and Oxford are known for their celebrated universities and sprawling campuses. But the public buildings in these cities emit more carbon equivalent per square metre than any other large city in England or Wales. The average emissions in Cambridge are equal to 89.74 kgCO2e\/m2 annually. Cambridgeshire County Council declared a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.local.gov.uk\/case-studies\/cambridge-city-council-bridging-gap-net-zero\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate Emergency<\/a> in February 2019, establishing a net zero plan to be reached by 2030.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:image {\"id\":1280,\"width\":\"720px\",\"linkDestination\":\"custom\",\"align\":\"center\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/03_English-Welsh-Cities-With-Worst-Carbon-Emission-From-Public-Buildings.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2400\" height=\"3992\" class=\"wp-image-1280\" src=\"https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/03_English-Welsh-Cities-With-Worst-Carbon-Emission-From-Public-Buildings.png\" alt=\"The English and Welsh cities with the worst carbon emissions from public buildings. Cambridge is at the top,\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/03_English-Welsh-Cities-With-Worst-Carbon-Emission-From-Public-Buildings.png 2400w, https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/03_English-Welsh-Cities-With-Worst-Carbon-Emission-From-Public-Buildings-180x300.png 180w, https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/03_English-Welsh-Cities-With-Worst-Carbon-Emission-From-Public-Buildings-616x1024.png 616w, https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/03_English-Welsh-Cities-With-Worst-Carbon-Emission-From-Public-Buildings-768x1277.png 768w, https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/03_English-Welsh-Cities-With-Worst-Carbon-Emission-From-Public-Buildings-923x1536.png 923w, https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/03_English-Welsh-Cities-With-Worst-Carbon-Emission-From-Public-Buildings-1231x2048.png 1231w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<p><!-- \/wp:image --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Public sector buildings across the UK are subject to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/collections\/public-sector-decarbonisation-scheme\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plan to reduce emissions<\/a> by 75% between 2017 and 2037. These buildings account for around <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nao.org.uk\/reports\/measuring-and-reporting-public-sector-greenhouse-gas-emissions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2%<\/a> of total UK emissions. This year, the government announced \u00a3557 million in funding for public buildings and businesses to reduce their energy bills and carbon emissions. Presently, Gloucester (53.29 kgCO2e\/m2) is the big city with the lowest emissions from public buildings. Gloucester City Council brought forward its net zero target from 2050 to 2045 due to growing confidence in its ability to meet the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change\u2019s thresholds.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"all\">Leeds Among Worst Carbon Offenders Across Building Types<\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Finally, we ranked the overall worst cities for emissions in England and Wales for residential, commercial and public buildings (Scotland is omitted because figures aren\u2019t available for public buildings). Birmingham and Wolverhampton again come out on top. Their commercial building emissions are so much higher than any other large city that they push the average across building categories to significantly higher levels than those elsewhere, too.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:image {\"id\":1281,\"width\":\"720px\",\"linkDestination\":\"custom\",\"align\":\"center\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/04_English-Welsh-Cities-With-Least-Energy-Efficient-Buildings.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2400\" height=\"3992\" class=\"wp-image-1281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/04_English-Welsh-Cities-With-Least-Energy-Efficient-Buildings.png\" alt=\"The English and Welsh cities with the least energy-efficient buildings.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/04_English-Welsh-Cities-With-Least-Energy-Efficient-Buildings.png 2400w, https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/04_English-Welsh-Cities-With-Least-Energy-Efficient-Buildings-180x300.png 180w, https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/04_English-Welsh-Cities-With-Least-Energy-Efficient-Buildings-616x1024.png 616w, https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/04_English-Welsh-Cities-With-Least-Energy-Efficient-Buildings-768x1277.png 768w, https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/04_English-Welsh-Cities-With-Least-Energy-Efficient-Buildings-923x1536.png 923w, https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/04_English-Welsh-Cities-With-Least-Energy-Efficient-Buildings-1231x2048.png 1231w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<p><!-- \/wp:image --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Leeds is the fourth worst city for carbon emissions across all categories. The West Yorkshire city performs particularly poorly for residential buildings (46.32 kgCO2e\/m2) and public buildings (78.33 kgCO2e\/m2), ranking eighth and third worst, respectively. Leeds aims to be <a href=\"https:\/\/news.leeds.gov.uk\/news\/leeds-can-become-a-carbon-neutral-city-according-to-new-report\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">net zero by 2050<\/a> and has even proposed to bring that date forward to 2030. The city has pledged to change the heating network, retrofit existing buildings, ensure all new builds are carbon neutral, promote electric vehicles and active travel, and reduce food waste and meat and dairy consumption.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How To Reduce Carbon Emissions at Home<\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Home emissions account for <a href=\"https:\/\/energysavingtrust.org.uk\/top-tips-to-reduce-your-carbon-emissions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">22%<\/a> of the UK\u2019s carbon footprint. With over 25 million homes across the country, if everybody works on reducing their emissions, that footprint could be significantly reduced. Here are some steps you can take in and around the home to help bring down the national level of carbon emissions<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:list {\"ordered\":true} --><\/p>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li><b>Turn the heating down<\/b>. Heating accounts for <a href=\"https:\/\/committees.parliament.uk\/publications\/8742\/documents\/88647\/default\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one-third<\/a> of the UK\u2019s emissions. If everyone turned down their heating by one degree, emissions would fall by <a href=\"https:\/\/energysavingtrust.org.uk\/new-research-finds-96-of-uk-homeowners-are-concerned-about-their-home-energy-efficiency-yet-one-in-five-arent-taking-simple-steps-to-improve-it\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3.5 million tonnes<\/a> annually. Use a timer, thermostat or smart controls to keep your heating in check.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><b>Upgrade and insulate<\/b>. Switching your heating from gas to electric or even a <a href=\"https:\/\/energysavingtrust.org.uk\/advice\/ground-source-heat-pumps\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ground source heat pump<\/a> will significantly reduce your footprint. Insulating pipes, walls and lofts ensures you maximise any heat you generate.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><b>Change the way you eat<\/b>. A plant-based diet may reduce your annual footprint by <a href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/aa7541\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">0.8 tonnes<\/a> of CO2e. You can further help by lowering your fridge temperature to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/science-environment-56271385\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">5\u00b0C<\/a>. Reduce food waste by shopping small and using the smell test on foods marked \u201cBest Before.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><b>Identify the biggest culprits<\/b>. Air conditioners, washing machines and ovens can be among the worst household offenders. Switch to energy-efficient models and reduce use where possible. Living car-free can save you <a href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/aa7541\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.4 tonnes of CO2e<\/a> per year.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/wellness\/article\/2024\/may\/06\/sustainable-eco-friendly-green-mindset\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Think green<\/b><\/a>. Above all, keep carbon emissions and other environmental factors in mind when making decisions about your home \u2014 the things you buy, how you renovate and the routines you develop.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Finally, supporting businesses and politicians who forefront carbon emission reduction may be essential if humankind is to meet net-zero targets and keep Earth inhabitable. As 2030 approaches, efforts to improve efficiency are still outpaced by the spread of new construction projects, efficient or otherwise. The UN Environment Programme (UNEP) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unep.org\/news-and-stories\/press-release\/co2-emissions-buildings-and-construction-hit-new-high-leaving-sector\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">notes<\/a> that the \u201cincrease in global gross floor area between 2015 and 2021 is the equivalent to the total land area covered in buildings in Germany, France, Italy and Netherlands\u201d \u2014 the road to a hotter planet is paved with good intentions.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Methodology\">Methodology<\/h3>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:separator {\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} --><\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-default\" \/>\n<p><!-- \/wp:separator --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>To find out which cities have the best and worst carbon emissions from buildings in Britain, we analysed energy certificate data from <a href=\"http:\/\/gov.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GOV.uk<\/a> for England and Wales and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scottishepcregister.org.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scottishepcregister.org.uk<\/a>\u00a0 for Scotland.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>We considered three different types of energy certificates:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:list {\"ordered\":true} --><\/p>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li>Domestic certificates (EPC) for residential buildings<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Non-domestic certificates (CEPC) for commercial buildings<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>DEC certificates for public buildings (Note: Scotland lacked DEC data for public buildings)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>We then recorded the certified Co2 emissions in kg\/m2 per year for each building. This value is provided for domestic and non-domestic buildings. For public buildings, the value was calculated by summing up the three available sources of Co2 (emissions, electric, heating and renewables) and dividing it by the total floor area of the building in m2.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Lastly, we calculated the average Co2 emissions in kg\/m2 for each type of building (home, commercial and public) for each city above 100k population.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>For England and Wales, we also created a ranking that shows the weighted average of Co2 emissions per unit area across all three categories of buildings. Scottish cities were omitted from this ranking to make it a fair comparison, as they lacked data on public buildings.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>This data study was completed in October 2024.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n\n\t<p class=\"link\">\n\t\t<a onclick=\"try { dataLayer.push({ &#039;event&#039;:&#039;business-energy-uk&#039;, &#039;link_target&#039;:this.href }); window.location = this.href; return false; } catch (exception) {}\" class=\"btny btny-1 green alt\" href=\"https:\/\/quote.businessenergyuk.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" title=\"Click Here For Business Energy Prices \" target=\"_self\">Click Here For Business Energy Prices  <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-content\/themes\/BEUK\/images\/chevrons.webp\" alt=\"Chevron\" \/><\/a>\n\t<\/p>\n\n                        \n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1371,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1277","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1277","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1277"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1277\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1374,"href":"https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1277\/revisions\/1374"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1371"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1277"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.businessenergyuk.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1277"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}